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Massaman curry ((タイ語:แกงมัสมั่น), , ) is a rich, relatively mild Thai curry that is an interpretation of a Persian dish.〔David Thompson, ''Thai Food'' (edition 2010), Pavilion Books, pages 329, ISBN 978-1-86205-514-8〕 ==Description== ''Massaman'' or ''matsaman'' is not a native Thai word. It is generally thought to refer to the Muslims with earlier writers from the mid-19th century calling the dish "Mussulman curry"; ''Mussulman'' being an archaic form of the word ''Muslim''.〔''The Magazine of Domestic Economy'', Volume 5, p.63 (Google eBook), W.S. Orr & Company, 1840, accessed 2014-08-17: "A Mussulman Curry is made in the same way..."〕〔''Sorties into Thai cultural history'', Office of the National Culture Commission, Ministry of Education, 1982, accessed on Google Books 2014-08-17〕 According to Thai food expert David Thompson, as well as Thai journalist and scholar Santi Sawetwimon, the dish originated in 17th century Central Thailand at the cosmopolitan court of Ayutthaya, through the Persian merchant Sheik Ahmad Qomi from whom the Thai noble family of Bunnag descends.〔http://www.scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10635/17685/2.%20Thesis%20body%20-%20What%20is%20Thai%20Cuisine.pdf?sequence=2 p.25-26〕 Other theories contend that ''massaman'' is a southern Thai dish, influenced by Malay and Indian cuisine,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Southern Thai Massaman Curry » Temple of Thai Food )〕 or that its name is derived from the Malay word ''masam'', which means "sour". The curry is extolled in a poem from the end of the 18th century, attributed to Prince Itsarasunthon of Siam, the later King Rama II (1767-1824). It is dedicated to a lady who is believed to be Princess Bunrot, the later Queen Sri Suriyendra, wife of King Rama II. The second stanza of the poem reads:〔(The complete poem in th.wikisource.org ) (in Thai)〕〔http://shesimmers.com/2010/07/massaman-matsaman-curry-recipe-%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99.html The translation is partially based on the one in Leela Punyaratabandhu's article〕
Due to its Muslim roots and therefore Islamic dietary laws, this curry is most commonly made with chicken, but there are also variations on this dish using duck, beef, mutton, goat, or, less commonly so, pork.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Thai Muslim Goat Curry (Wednesday Photo) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Thai Massaman Curry Recipe » Temple of Thai )〕 As pork is ''haram'' meat - forbidden food in Islam - this last variant is of course not eaten by observant Thai Muslims. Vegetarians and vegans have created their own versions of this dish. The flavors of the massaman curry paste (''nam phrik kaeng matsaman'') come from spices that are not frequently used in other Thai curries. Cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, star anise, cumin, bay leaves, nutmeg and mace would, in the 17th century, have been brought to Thailand from the Malay Archipelago and South Asia by foreigners, a trade originally dominated by Muslim traders from the Middle East, Indian subcontinent and from the archipelago itself, but increasingly threatened by the Portuguese, the Dutch and French East India Company.〔http://journalarticle.ukm.my/514/1/1.pdf p. 208-212〕 These are combined with local produce such as dried chili peppers,〔 Chili peppers from the Americas were introduced to the region by the Spanish and Portuguese during the 16th and 17th century〕 cilantro (coriander) seeds, lemongrass, galangal, white pepper, shrimp paste, shallots and garlic to make the ''massaman'' curry paste. This paste is first fried with coconut cream, and only then are meat, potatoes, onions, fish sauce or salt, tamarind paste, sugar, coconut milk and peanuts added.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Massaman Curry Paste - Prig Gang Mussamun พริกแกงมัสมั่น )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Massaman (Matsaman) Curry Recipe )〕 ''Massaman'' is usually eaten with rice, in a meal together with other dishes. There are also traditional versions using oranges, orange juice, or pineapple juice as additional ingredients.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Beef Massaman Curry Recipe )〕〔http://www.abc.net.au/tasting/ep3.htm David Thompson's Mussaman Curry of Duck〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Massaman curry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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